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Since I started this blog, I have written in several directions. The areas I keep digging into are web accessibility and frontend. I want to write more, and new ideas keep coming, but the speed of writing is not as fast as I hope. Right now I still have eight unfinished drafts. Starting is easy, but wrapping up always feels surprisingly hard. AI has made research and organization much faster, but my time and energy are still limited, so it often feels frustrating. I work during the day, and after work I take care of family responsibilities, side projects, this blog, and certification prep. Honestly, I wish I had ten bodies. ^^;; Still, I want to keep going, so today I am writing a candid note about how I approach blog writing. ...

Introduction Have you ever tried using the internet without a mouse? Most people take their mouse for granted. But there are many people who can’t use one. People with physical disabilities who can’t operate a mouse People with repetitive strain injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome People with temporary arm injuries Power users who simply find keyboards more efficient For these users, the question “Can I use this site with just a keyboard?” is crucial. ...

↻ 2026-07-30 Updated This post reflects the W3C Working Draft of March 3, 2026. Foundational was renamed to Core, so related wording has been corrected, and the Assertions count (28) and their role in level determination have been updated to match the current draft. Introduction In Atomic Tests vs. Holistic Tests: A New Testing Methodology, we discussed balancing Atomic and Holistic tests. Now we need to address how we’ll “assert” and “document” these results. This is where Assertions come in. ...

Introduction When running a static blog, “scheduled publishing” and “build limits” often become problems at the same time. In particular, building on every commit can easily hit build limits on platforms like Cloudflare Pages. In this post, I’ll walk you through the approach I’m actually using: running a publish check with GitHub Actions every 3 hours to handle scheduled publishing. The key idea is “check only at set intervals, and publish only when needed.” ...

↻ 2026-07-30 Updated This post reflects the W3C Working Draft of March 3, 2026. It accounts for Foundational being renamed to Core, and the basis-document reference has been corrected to the current draft. Introduction When people hear “accessibility testing,” they often think of a checklist: “Does this button have alternative text?” “Is the contrast ratio high enough?” WCAG 2.2 is built around clear pass/fail checks like these. WCAG 3.0 moves toward a broader unit of evaluation, aiming to consider overall user experience quality. That shift naturally changes how we test. We now combine fine-grained checks (Atomic) with real-world contextual evaluation (Holistic). ...

↻ 2026-09-10 Updated The Working Draft of September 10, 2026 changed the conformance model again. Bronze/Silver/Gold below are no longer conformance levels. The September draft sets a single conformance line (all core requirements met) and moves the levels into reporting tiers below and above conformance. Core requirements now carry severity tags (Physical harm, Risk, Barrier, Friction), and the conformance section moved from Exploratory to Developing. The body below still reflects the March draft; the new structure is covered in What Changed in the WCAG 3 September 2026 Draft. ↻ 2026-07-30 Updated ...

Introduction Running a blog in both Korean and English revealed an interesting problem. When sharing blog links internationally, visitors often land on the Korean page. Those who can’t read Korean are confused, right? Similarly, when Korean readers click on English post links shared in Korean communities, they face the same issue. While there’s a language switcher button in the header, new visitors often struggle to find it. This isn’t user-friendly, and from an accessibility perspective, it’s not ideal either. ...

Developers often make the same mistake after learning ARIA. They understand the concept, but they are unsure when and how to apply it in real projects. ARIA practical guide main visual with ARIA attributes highlighted in a code editor Cover image example: visual that symbolizes applying ARIA attributes · Generated by Nanobanana AI You may have heard the phrase: “ARIA is a last resort.” Use semantic HTML first, and add ARIA only when native HTML is not enough. This guide follows that principle and shows how to use ARIA effectively in real work. ...

↻ 2026-07-30 Updated Numbers and terminology have been corrected to reflect the W3C Working Draft of March 3, 2026. The requirement count has been corrected from 170+ to 153 (Core 92 + Supplemental 61), and Foundational has been replaced with Core. The widely-circulated figure of “174” is not traceable to a source, so it has not been used here. Introduction “1.3.1 Info and Relationships - Level A” If you’ve worked with WCAG 2.2, you’re familiar with this format of Success Criteria. Numbers, levels, and clear test conditions. This structure has been the standard for web accessibility for over 15 years. ...

Introduction Blogs built with Static Site Generators (SSG) are incredibly fast and secure. However, adding dynamic features like comments requires careful consideration. This blog uses Giscus, a GitHub Discussions-based comment system, but there was one inconvenience. Comments only appear at the bottom of each post, making it difficult to see at a glance which articles have active discussions. So I built three features: Display comment counts in post lists - See which articles have ongoing conversations Show recent comments on the explore page - View recent blog activity at a glance Create an all comments page - Browse all comments in one place This article shares the process of bringing dynamic comment information to a static site using GitHub GraphQL API while maintaining optimal performance. ...